Akinterinwa Warns Africa Must Embrace Regionalism to Tackle Divisions

Dr. Adetokunbo Akinterinwa, a prominent Nigerian analyst, presented a compelling case for regionalism as a vital strategy to address the significant divisions within Africa during a recent conference in Abuja. The conference focused on how regional frameworks could enhance global governance and support sustainable development across the continent.

Understanding Regionalism in Africa

Regionalism, defined as the process where countries in a specific geographic region cooperate for mutual benefit, has gained traction in Africa. Akinterinwa explained that the continent's historical fragmentation presents both challenges and opportunities for governance and development. With 55 countries sharing diverse cultures and economic systems, a unified approach through regional blocs, such as the African Union (AU) and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), is essential.

A recent report by the African Development Bank indicated that regional cooperation could significantly increase intra-African trade, potentially raising it from 15% to 30% by 2030. This increase could contribute to economic growth and development goals outlined in the Agenda 2063 framework.

Challenges Facing Regional Integration

Africa faces multiple challenges in harnessing regionalism effectively. Political instability, economic disparities, and inadequate infrastructure often hinder cooperation between countries. Akinterinwa pointed out that East Africa, with its recent conflicts, demonstrates how divisions can undermine regional initiatives. For instance, the ongoing unrest in Ethiopia has disrupted trade routes and delayed development plans in the region.

Moreover, corruption remains a significant barrier to effective governance. Transparency International's latest report highlighted that Burundi scored 18 out of 100 in its Corruption Perceptions Index, showcasing a pervasive issue that stifles regional collaboration.

The Role of Global Governance

Global governance plays a crucial role in supporting Africa's regionalism efforts. Akinterinwa emphasised that partnerships with international organisations can provide necessary resources and frameworks for development. For example, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has been instrumental in funding various regional projects aimed at improving infrastructure and health systems.

Africa's ability to engage with global governance structures effectively will determine its success in overcoming regional divisions. This involves not only harnessing aid but also participating actively in global discussions to amplify its voice on international issues.

Opportunities for Development

The continent's potential for development through regionalism cannot be underestimated. Akinterinwa noted that collaborative projects in energy and transportation could transform economies. For instance, the Grand Inga Dam project in the Democratic Republic of Congo, if completed, is estimated to have the capacity to generate 40,000 MW of electricity, enough to power several African countries.

Furthermore, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which came into effect in January 2021, demonstrates how regional agreements can facilitate trade and economic growth. The AfCFTA aims to reduce tariffs on 90% of goods, significantly enhancing trade across borders.

Case Studies: Successful Regional Initiatives

Several regional initiatives have shown promise in driving development. The West African Power Pool (WAPP) aims to integrate energy resources across member countries to improve electricity access. This project highlights how regional collaboration can lead to significant infrastructural advancements.

Another successful example is the East African Community (EAC), which has been working to harmonise trade policies and reduce non-tariff barriers, promoting a seamless flow of goods and services. As a result, trade within the EAC has increased, benefiting member states economically.

The Path Forward for Africa

Dr. Akinterinwa concluded by urging African leaders to commit to regionalism as a strategic tool to overcome current challenges. He called for renewed focus on collaborative efforts that align with the African Union's Agenda 2063, which aims for a prosperous continent based on inclusive growth and sustainable development.

As Africa continues to grapple with its divisions, the upcoming African Union summit in February 2024 will serve as a critical platform for discussing regionalism and governance. Stakeholders are encouraged to engage proactively in these discussions to identify actionable steps toward a more united and developed Africa.